In the floods of life, in the storm of work,
In Ebb and flow,
In warp and weft,
Cradle and grave,
An eternal sea,
A changing patchwork,
A glowing life,
At the whirring loom of Time I weave
The living clothes of the Deity.
~Goethe, the Earth Spirit to Faust
The unconscious is not a
demonical monster, but a natural entity which, as far as
moral sense, aesthetic taste, and intellectual judgment go,
is completely neutral. It only becomes dangerous when our
conscious attitude to it is hopelessly wrong. To the degree
that we repress it, its danger increases.
~C.G.Jung The Practical Use Of Dream Analysis, Collected
Works Vol. 16
The psychic depths are
nature, and nature is creative life. Whatever values in the
visible world are destroyed by modern relativism, the psyche
will produce their equivalents.
~C.G.Jung, Modern Man in Search Of a Soul
CGJUNG
We, as a species, are "the conscious eyes and ears of a planet." That
phrase comes from Joseph Campbell. It's a metaphor for simple human
consciousness, that thing that man claims makes him in god's image. It
speaks of creatures who use language, beings split off from unconscious
Nature into consciousness.
The awareness of this split goes back to a mysticism expressed best
perhaps by Philo -- the deep meaning of
the logos.
As Jung points out, literal consciousness has distorted that meaning,
thinking itself the whole shebang, and we thus have that business of a
mutable and evolving relationship with the unconscious, seen as the
daimon in all his guises -- be it simply as the benign voice of the
unconscious, or the evil tempter, or the connection back to
Self -- to wholeness,
to the 'god' of nature. These thousand names express our attitude
towards the unconscious (some of which I chronicle here).
Diabolos: "Separating coinunctios." (Coinunctio: union/conjunction)
Dividing into opposite pairs -- conjugates. This is the condition of
being in the field of time space, which is necessarily the field of
opposites.
Mythologically / psychologically speaking, this is
framing Consciousness as the problem of breaking off from that Eden, that sense of
being "One" with "the Creator" (a term reflecting the
cause/effect mode of human understanding... I'm not here to promote the
legal precedent-setting language of intelligent design). That is, the
break with pure Nature into consciousness.
The process of
individuation is to re-collect that One
in our consciousness, the source that's aligned
at your perfect center. And the task of the age is to see it in others.
The attitude towards the unconscious defines an era,
certainly an individual's conscious orientation. It's my focal point, my
fascination. Jung does make statements equating the uc with Nature. These
questions, if asked seriously, work to frame things, are the heart of
the matter, and open an approach to Jung that bears a great deal of
meaning.
All those dismemberment myths from Dionysus to Christ
had God falling into Time and shattering into shards, pieces, the
scintilla of soul scattered to make the world, life, etc. These are
myths of our own falling out of the unconscious world into the
conscious. 'Splitting off from nature', we thought. Long, long ago it
was sensed that we also bring that shattered Oneness back together. The
cup of remembrance (Er) from Plato, the rituals of ecstasy, the
re-collection of the Mass (where priest and congregation are all part of
the process... "do this in memory *with* me") -- all are rituals
that drew their meaning from the
process of individuation, "acting the process out" in varying degrees of consciousness.
A movement, a process.
Growth can go either way, as Huxley said. Borgdom
is to lose the consciousness of the soul. So is the simple casting off
of the soul by the intellect. A penumbra to be sure.
x's deborah
~CGJUNG, in CW v.9.1: The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious (abstract, p. 130-134).
In addition to technical processes of personality transformation, a
natural individuation process is described as involving a
spontaneous maturing of the personality. Natural transformation is
evidenced in dreams symbolizing rebirth and in the intercourse
between consciousness and some inner voice; this latter phenomenon,
commonly described as talking to oneself, is seen as meditation in the alchemical sense. The inner
voice is generally regarded as nonsense or as the voice of God; its
real nature considered to be an unconscious counterpart to the ego.
It is felt that if
this psychic partner is recognized by the ego consciousness, the
conflict between the two can have a positive effect. In alchemy, in
ancient cults and in religion this inner presence is found
personified as an external being such as Mercurius or Christ.
***
~CGJUNG, in CW5, SYMBOLS OF
TRANSFORMATION
"...It is not man as
such who has to be regenerated or born again as a renewed whole,
but, according to the statements of mythology, it is the hero or god
who rejuvenates himself. These figures are generally expressed or
characterized by libido-symbols (light, fire, sun, etc.), so that it
looks as if they represented psychic energy. They are, in fact,
personifications of the libido.
Now it is a fact amply confirmed by
psychiatric experience that all parts of the psyche, inasmuch as
they possess a certain autonomy, exhibit a personal character, like
the split-off products of hysteria and schizophrenia, mediumistic
'spirits'; figures seen in dreams, etc. Every split-off portion of
libido, every complex, has or is a (fragmentary) personality. At any
rate, that is how it looks from the purely observational standpoint.
But when we go into the matter more
deeply, we find that they are really archetypal formations. There
are no conclusive arguments against the hypothesis that these
archetypal figures are endowed with personality at the outset and
are not just secondary personalizations. In so far as the archetypes
do not represent mere functional relationships, they manifest
themselves as daimones, as personal agencies. In this form they are
felt as actual experiences and are not "figments of the
imagination," as rationalism would have us believe. Consequently,
man derives his human personality only secondarily from what the
myths call his descent from the gods and heroes; or, to put it in
psychological terms, his consciousness of himself as a personality
derives primarily from the influence of quasi-personal archetypes.
Numerous mythological proofs could
be advanced in support of this view. .... It is, then, in the first
place the god who transforms himself, and only through him does man
take part in the transformation. ..." |
Late Classical
Macrobius (b. A.D. 360) explains the role of
the Greek daemon (analogue to the Roman genius) in the
process of the individual’s conception, birth, and destiny in the
Saturnalia, a valuable source of information concerning pagan
beliefs. Each human being, according to the Egyptians, is the product of
the conjunction of Eros, Necessity or Fate, a daemon (related to
the zodiacal position of the sun at the individual’s birth), and a
tyche (related to the position of the moon at the individual’s birth).
Macrobius etymologizes “daemon” as either “knowing of the future” or
“burning, sharing”; the latter etymology links it with the sun, mens
mundi, the regulator of the planets and pivot of the other eleven
zodiacal signs (as it always occupies the remaining twelfth sign). When
the sun passes through a particular sign of the zodiac at the time of an
individual’s birth, it designates a temperament or daemon for him,
and establishes, through its position in relation to the moon, his fortune
or tyche. Contingent upon the season in which a man is born, i.e.,
a warm or cold one, indicating the extent of the sun’s warming power and
its relationship to other planets and signs, his daemon or
genius will be warm or cold, good or bad, jovial or saturnine.
from The Genius Figure in
Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Jane Chance Nitzsche
Late Antique thought stressed their (the demonic) ambiguous and anomalous nature. To Plutarch, writing at the beginning of our period, it was benign ambiguity: the demons were an "elegant solution" for the incongruities that arose from joining heaven and earth. In later centuries their role changed. From intermediate beings, they became an active source of falsehood and illusion in the human race. They gave dramatic intensity
to doubts about how heaven and earth could be joined and made such doubts a permanent ingredient in the late Antique universe. The demons were an
order far from perfect, one might even say "anomalous," beings. Their presence
in the "earthly" regions introduced a constant element of indeterminacy and confusion into the clear structure that linked the rightful agents of the supernatural to their heavenly source. A few men were linked directly to
the higher, stable regions of the universe; most men, however, partook of the incomplete, ambiguous quality of the demonic. Thus, with demons, Late Antique men found themselves flanked by an invisible society that shared with them all the incongruities and the tensions of their own visible world." ~Peter Brown,
The Making of Late Antiquity.
Platonic,
Symposium
And now, she
said, haven't I proved that you're one of the people who don't believe in
the divinity of Love?
Yes, but what
can he be, then? I asked her. A mortal?
Not by any
means.
Well, what
then?
What I told
you before—halfway between mortal and immortal.
And what do
you mean by that, Diotima?
A very
powerful daimon, Socrates, and daimons, you know, are halfway between god
and man.
What powers
have they, then? I asked
They are the
envoys and interpreters that ply between heaven and earth, flying upward
with our worship and our prayers, and descending with the heavenly answers
and commandments, and since they are between the two estates they weld
both sides together and merge them into one great whole. They form the
medium of the prophetic arts, of the priestly rites of sacrifice,
initiation, and incantation, of divination and of sorcery, for the divine
will not mingle directly with the human, and it is only through the
mediation of the spirit world that man can have any intercourse, whether
waking or sleeping, with the gods. And the man who is versed in such
matters is said to have spiritual powers, as opposed to the mechanical
powers of the man who is expert in the more mundane arts. There are many
daimons, and many kinds of daimons, too, and Love is one of
them.
http://www.brynmawr.edu/classics/redmonds/H11-CSTS212.html
http://haldjas.folklore.ee/folklore/vol9/plotinus.htm
http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/psco/year25/
Plato,
Cratylus
Socrates:
Hermogenes, what does the name "spirits" (daimones) really mean? See if
you think there is anything in what I am going to say.
Hermogenes:
Go on and say it.
Socrates: Do
you remember who Hesiod says the spirits are?
Hermogenes: I
do not recall it.
Socrates: Nor
that he says a golden race was the first race of men to be
born?
Hermogenes:
Yes, I do know that.
Socrates:
Well, he says of it: "But since Fate has covered up this race, They are
called holy spirits under the earth, Noble, averters of evil, guardians of
mortal men."
Hermogenes:
What of that?
Socrates:
Why, I think he means that the golden race was not made of gold, but was
good and beautiful. And I regard it as a proof of this that he further
says we are the iron race.
Hermogenes:
True.
Socrates:
Don't you suppose that if anyone of our day is good, Hesiod would say he
was of that golden race?
Hermogenes:
Quite likely.
Socrates: But
the good are the wise, are they not?
Hermogenes:
Yes, they are the wise.
Socrates:
This, then, I think, is what he certainly means to say of the spirits:
because they were wise and knowing (daemones) he called them spirits
(daimones) and in the old form of our language the two words are the same.
Now he and all the other poets are right, who say that when a good man
dies he has a great portion and honor among the dead, and becomes a
spirit, a name which is in accordance with the other name of wisdom. And
so I assert that every good man, whether living or dead, is of spiritual
nature, and is rightly called a spirit.
see also Hesse:
Demian(at
amazon)
MY PAINTED DREAM BIRD was on
its way searching for my friend. In what seemed the strangest
possible manner a reply reached me.
In my classroom, on my desk, after a break between two lessons I
found a
note tucked in my book. It was folded exactly the same as notes
classmates
of mine secretly slipped each other during class. I was only
surprised to
receive such a note at all, for I had never had that sort of
relationship
with any student. I thought it would turn out to be an
invitation to some
prank in which I would not participate anyway-I put the note
unread in the
front of my book. I came on it again only during the lesson.
Playing with the note I unfolded it carelessly and noticed a few
words
written on it. One glance was sufficient. One word stopped me
cold; in panic
I read on while cold fear contracted my heart: "The bird fights
its way out
of the egg. The egg is the world. Who would be born must first
destroy a
world. The bird flies to God. That God's name is Abraxas."
After reading over these lines a number of times, I sank into a
deep
reverie. There could be no doubt about it, this was Demian's
reply. No one
else could know about my painting. He had grasped its meaning
and was
helping me interpret it. But how did all of this fit together?
And-this
oppressed me most of all-what did Abraxas signify? I had never
heard nor
read the word. "That God's name is Abraxas."
The lesson went on without my taking in a word of it. The next
began, the
last that morning. It was taught by a young assistant, a Dr.
Follens, who
had just completed his university studies, whom we liked simply
because he
was young and unpretentious.
Dr. Follens was guiding us through Herodotus -- one of the few
subjects that
held any interest for me. But today not even Herodotus could
hold my
attention. I opened the book mechanically but did not follow the
translation
and remained sunk deep in my own thoughts. Besides, I had
frequently
confirmed what Demian had told me once during our Confirmation
classes: you can achieve anything you desire passionately
enough. If I happened to be involved with my own thoughts during
a lesson I did not have to worry that the teacher would call on
me. If I was distracted or listless, then he would suddenly
appear beside me. That had already happened to me. But if I
really concentrated, completely wrapped up in a thought of my
own, then I was protected. I had also experimented with the
trick of staring a person down and had found that it worked.
When still with Demian, I had not succeeded in this; now I often
felt that a good deal could be accomplished by a sharp glance,
and thought.
I was at present nowhere near Herodotus or school. Suddenly the
teacher's
voice shot like lightning into my consciousness and I awoke
terrified. I
heard his voice, he practically stood next to me, I even thought
he had
called my name. But he was not looking at me. I relaxed.
Then I heard his voice again. Loudly it pronounced the word "Abraxas."
In the course of a long explanation, whose beginning I had
missed, Dr.
Follens went on: "We ought not consider the opinions of those
sects and
mystical societies as naive as they appear from the rationalist
point of
view. Science as we know it today was unknown to antiquity.
Instead there
existed a preoccupation with philosophical and mystical truths
which was
highly developed. What grew out of this preoccupation was to
some extent
merely pedestrian magic and frivolity; perhaps it frequently led
to
deceptions and crimes, but this magic, too, had noble
antecedents in a
profound philosophy. As, for instance, the teachings concerning
Abraxas
which I cited a moment ago. This name occurs in connection with
Greek
magical formulas and is frequently considered the name of some
magician's
helper such as certain uncivilized tribes believe in even at
present. But it
appears that Abraxas has a much deeper significance. We may
conceive of the
name as that of a godhead whose symbolic task is the uniting of
godly and
devilish elements."
The learned little man spoke with intelligence and eagerness but
no one paid
much attention, and as the name Abraxas did not recur, my
thoughts turned
back to my own affairs.
"Uniting of godly and devilish elements" resounded within me.
Here was
something for my thoughts to cling to. This idea was familiar to
me from
conversations with Demian. During the last period of our
friendship he had
said that we had been given a god to worship who represented
only one
arbitrarily separated half of the world (it was the official,
sanctioned,
luminous world), but that we ought to be able to worship the
whole world;
this meant that we would either have to have a god who was also
a devil or
institute a cult of the devil alongside the cult of god. And now
Abraxas was
the god who was both god and devil.
For a time I pursued this thought eagerly but without making any
headway. I
even pored over a whole library full of books seeking a mention
of Abraxas.
However, my nature had never been disposed to this kind of
direct and
conscious investigation where at first one finds only truths
that are so
much dead weight in one's hand.
The figure of Beatrice with which I had occupied myself so
intimately and
fervently gradually became submerged or, rather, was slowly
receding,
approaching the horizon more and more, becoming more shadowy and
remote,
paler. She no longer satisfied the longings of my soul.
In the peculiar self-made isolation in which I existed like a
sleepwalker, a
new growth began to take shape within me. The longing for life
grew--or
rather the longing for love. My sexual drive, which I had
sublimated for a
time in the veneration of Beatrice, demanded new images and
objects. But my
desires remained unfulfilled and it was more impossible than
ever for me to
deceive my longings and hope for something from the women with
whom my
comrades tried their luck. I dreamed vividly again, more in fact
by day than
at night. Images, pictures, desires arose freely within me, drew
me away
from the outside world so that I had a more substantial and
livelier
relationship with the world of my own creation, with these
images and dreams
and shadows, than with the actual world around me.
A certain dream, or fantasy, that kept recurring gained in
meaning for me.
The dream, the most important and enduringly significant of my
life, went
something like this: I was returning to my father's house-above
the entrance
glowed the heraldic bird, yellow on a blue back-ground; in the
house itself
my mother was coming toward me--but as I entered and wanted to
embrace her,
it was not she but a form I had never set eyes on before, tall
and strong,
resembling Max Demian and the picture I had painted; yet
different, for
despite its strength it was completely feminine. This form drew
me to itself
and enveloped me in a deep, tremulous embrace. I felt a mixture
of ecstasy
and horror--the embrace was at once an act of divine worship and
a crime.
Too many associations with my mother and friend co-mingled with
this figure
embracing me. Its embrace violated all sense of reverence, yet
it was bliss.
Sometimes I awoke from this dream with a feeling of profound
ecstasy, at
others in mortal fear and with a racked conscience as though I
had committed
some terrible crime.
Only gradually and unconsciously did this very intimate image
become linked
with the hint about the God I was to search for, the hint that
had come to
me from the outside. The link grew closer and more intimate and
I began to
sense that I was calling on Abraxas particularly in this
dreamed presentiment. Delight and horror, man and woman
co-mingled, the
holiest and most shocking were inter-twined, deep guilt flashing
through
most delicate innocence:
that was the appearance of my love-dream image and Abraxas, too.
Love had
ceased to be the dark animalistic drive I had experienced at
first with
fright, nor was it any longer the devout transfiguration I had
offered to
Beatrice. It was both, and yet much more. It was the image of an
angel and
Satan, man and woman in one flesh, man and beast, the highest
good and the
worst evil. It seemed that I was destined to live in this
fashion, this
seemed my pre-ordained fate. I yearned for it but feared it at
the same
time. It was ever-present, hovering constantly above me.
The following spring I was to leave the preparatory school and
enter a
university. I was still undecided, however, as to where and what
I was to
study. I had grown a thin mustache, I was a full-grown man, and
yet I was
completely helpless and without a goal in life. Only one thing
was certain:
the voice within me, the dream image. I felt the duty to follow
this voice
blindly wherever it might lead me. But it was difficult and each
day I
rebelled against it anew. Perhaps I was mad, as I thought at
moments;
perhaps I was not like other men? But I was able to do the same
things the
others did; with a little effort and industry I could read
Plato, was able
to solve problems in trigonometry or follow a chemical analysis.
There was
only one thing I could not do: wrest the dark secret goal from
myself and
keep it before me as others did who knew exactly what they
wanted to
be-professors, lawyers, doctors, artists, however long this
would take them
and whatever difficulties and advantages this decision would
bear in its
wake. This I could not do. Perhaps I would become something
similar, but how was I to know? Perhaps I would have to continue
my search for years on end and would not become anything, and
would not reach a goal. Perhaps I would reach this goal but it
would turn out to be an evil, dangerous, horrible one?
I wanted only to try to live in accord with the promptings which
came from
my true self. Why was that so very difficult?
I made frequent attempts to paint the mighty love apparition of
my dream. I
never succeeded. If I had I would have sent the painting to
Demian. Where he was I had no idea. I only knew that we were
linked. When would we meet
again?
The tranquility of the weeks and months of my Beatrice period
had long
since passed. At that time I felt I had reached a safe harbor,
an island of
peace. But as always, as soon as I had become accustomed to my
condition, as soon as a dream had given me hope, it wilted and
became useless. It was futile to sorrow after the loss. I now
lived within a fire of unsatisfied longing, of tense expectancy
that often drove me completely wild. I often saw the beloved
apparition of my dream with a clarity greater than life, more
distinct than my own hand, spoke with it, wept before it, cursed
it. I called it mother and knelt down in front of it in tears. I
called it my beloved and had a premonition of its ripe all
fulfilling kiss. I called it
devil and whore, vampire and murderer. It enticed me to the
gentlest
love-dreams and to devastating shameless-ness, nothing was too
good and
precious, nothing was too wicked and low for it.
I experienced the whole of that winter as one unending inner
turbulence,
which I find difficult to describe. I had long since become used
to my
loneliness-that did not oppress me: I lived with Demian, the
sparrow hawk,
with the mighty apparition of my dream that was both my fate and
my beloved. This was enough to sustain me, for every-thing
pointed toward vastness and space-it all pointed toward Abraxas.
But none of these dreams, none of these thoughts obeyed me, none
were at my beck and call, I could color none of them as I
pleased. They came and took me I was ruled by them, was their
vessel.
Demian ~Hesse
Gnostic*
It was a widespread
tradition among early Christians that Jesus had a twin brother who
resembled him in every detail. This caused Literalists a great many
problems, as the obvious objection to their claims that Jesus had
literally resurrected from the dead was that his twin brother had been
crucified in his place. This has led some scholars to conclude that this
legend must be based on historical fact, for “what Christian would have
been foolish enough to invent such a legend, seeing that it is most apt to
undermine the very basis of the orthodox tradition concerning the
resuscitation of Jesus? The answer is that the Gnostics invented the
tradition of Jesus’ twin brother as an allegory for the ancient
Daemon/eidolon doctrine.
[....]
In The Acts of John
Jesus explains:
You heard that I
suffered, but I suffered not.
An unsuffering one was
I, yet suffered.
One pierced was I, yet
I was not abused.
One hanged was I, and
yet not hanged.
Blood flowed from me,
yet did not flow.43
How is it that Jesus
can both suffer and not suffer? Because, as he explains, “I distinguish
the man from myself.” He identifies with his transcendent Higher Self, the
Daemon, not his suffering lower self, the eidolon.
The purpose of Gnostic
initiation was to free initiates from all suffering through the
realization that their true identity is not the eidolon bound to the cross
of matter, but the Daemon that witnesses life as a passing illusion. Thus
the Gnostic Jesus teaches:
Had you known how to
suffer, you would have been able not to suffer.
See through suffering,
and you will have non-suffering.
So, the eidolon of
Jesus seems to suffer and die, but the real Jesus—the Daemon—cannot
suffer or die.
Five hundred years
previously Euripides portrayed King Pentheus as binding Dionysus, while
actually he was not. As Dionysus says:
There I made a mockery
of him. He thought he was binding me; But he neither held nor
touched me~ save in his deluded mind.
In The Apocalypse
of Peter, Peter sees Jesus “glad and laughing” on the cross while the
nails are bring driven into his hands and feet, and Jesus explains:
He whom you see on the
tree, glad and laughing, this is the living Jesus. But this one into whose
hands and feet they drive nails is his fleshy part, which is the
substitute being put to shame, the one who came into being in his
likeness. But look at him and me.’
In some Pagan myths it
is not the godman who suffers and dies, but a substitute figure who
represents the eidolon. In The Bacchae, King Pentheus whose name means
“Man of Suffering,” is raised up on a tree and torn to shreds in the place
of Dionysus. Similarly, in certain Gnostic myths it is Simon of Gyrene who
dies on the cross, while Jesus watches laughing from a distance. In The
Second Treatise of the Creat Seth, Jesus explains:
It was another, Simon,
who bore the cross on his shoulder. It was another upon whom they placed
the crown of thorns. But I was rejoicing in the height and laughing at
their ignorance.
Simon of Cyrene, like
King Pentheus in the Pagan version of the myth, represents the eidolon,
which suffers and dies. The laughing figure of Jesus, like the triumphant
Dionysus, represents the Daemon, the witnessing Spirit. The Gnostic sage
Basilides teaches that “because he was Mind, Jesus did not suffer” but
Simon of Cyrene suffered in his stead, while Jesus laughed “because he
could not be held and was invisible to all.”
The Gnostics did not
believe that Jesus only seemed to exist, or that he magically avoided
suffering on the cross, or, more sinisterly, that he had himself replaced
by Simon of Cyrene, who was crucified instead while Jesus stood safely at
a distance laughing. Such doctrines would, as the Literalists claimed, be
distasteful and ridiculous. But this is a misunderstanding (or likely a
conscious distortion!) of Gnostic teachings. In fact, “Illusionism” is
simply part of understanding the crucifixion story as an initiation
allegory, which encodes the ancient Pagan Daemon/eidolon doctrine.
A fragment of these
teachings has survived in the New Testament Gospel of Mark in which Simon
of Cyrene is inexplicably dragooned into carrying Jesus’ cross for him.
The name Simon here links this figure symbolically to the disciple called
Simon “Peter” or “Rock,” who also symbolizes the eidolon in many Gnostic
myths.
An echo of this
Gnostic doctrine also survives in the Muslim Qur’an which, when dealing
with the supposed death of Jesus, declares:
But they did not kill
him, neither did they crucify him, but a similitude was made for them.
THE SACRED MARRIAGE
An important mythical
motif in the Pagan Mysteries was the sacred marriage between the godman
and the goddess, symbolizing the mystical union of opposites.70 In Crete
they celebrated the marriage of the goddess Demeter and the godman Iasion.
Upon his yearly “arrival” in Athens, Dionysus was hailed as “Bridal One”
and his marriage to the queen of the city, who represented the goddess,
was ritually celebrated.
In Mystery
initiations, the initiate was often portrayed as the bride of Osiris-Dionysus.
Initiations were carried out in special “bridal chambers” which have been
found at Pagan sanctuaries. An ancient fresco shows scenes of those
preparing for initiation being dressed in the attire of brides. After
their initiation they were hailed as “brides.”
The bride represented
the incarnate self or eidolon and Osiris-Dionysus represented the
disincarnate Self or Daemon. The sacred marriage ritually united these two
opposing parts of the initiate. Epiphanius tells us:
Some prepare a bridal
chamber and perform a mystic rite accompanied by certain words used to
the initiated, and they allege that it is a spiritual marriage.
The Pagan Mystery
motif of the sacred marriage is missing from orthodox Christianity, but
was important in Gnostic Christianity, which celebrated the sacred
marriage between Jesus and Sophia. In Gnostic myth, Sophia is portrayed in
a “fallen” state as representing the incarnate self. She is pictured as
lost in the world searching for the ineffable Source. Looking for love in
all the wrong places, she becomes a prostitute. Finally she begs God the
Father for help and He sends her as a bridegroom the Firstborn Son of God,
her brother Jesus. When the bridegroom arrives they make love passionately
to become One.
This is an allegory of
the Daemon or Spirit coming to the rescue of the incarnate self or psyche.
According to The Gospel of Philip, only the person who has
“remarried” the psyche with the Spirit becomes capable of withstanding
physical and emotional impulses that, unchecked, could drive them toward
self-destruction and evil.
The sacred marriage is
a symbol of mystical unity, which was the goal of Gnosticism. In The
Gospel of Thomas Jesus teaches his disciples:
When you make the
two one, and when you make the outside like the inside, and the above
like the below, and when you make the male and the female one and the
same, so that the male be not male nor the female female then will you
enter the kingdom.
Some Gnostic groups
ritually celebrated the sacred marriage as part of their rites of
initiation. Irenaeus tells us: “They prepare a bridal chamber and
celebrate Mysteries.” The followers of the Gnostic sage Marcus performed
an initiatory rite “with certain formulae, and they term this a spiritual
marriage.”84 We are told that the followers of the Gnostic poet
Valentinus practiced the rite of a spiritual marriage with angels in a
nuptial chamber.” The Naassenes taught that the initiated “must cast off
their garments and all become brides pregnant by the Virgin Spirit.” The
Gospel of Philip explains that the process of initiation climaxed in the
“bridal chamber” of mystical union, for “The holy of the holies is the
bridal chamber. The redemption takes place in the bridal chamber.”
In the Jesus story,
the fallen Sophia (the psyche) is represented by the figure of Mary
Magdalene, whom Jesus (the Daemon) redeems from prostitution. According to
the Gnostic sage Heracleon, this motif of a sacred marriage also appears
in the Jesus story as the marriage feast in Cana where Jesus, like
Dionysus before him, changes water into intoxicating wine. This miracle,
Heracleon tells us, symbolizes that “divine marriage,” which transforms
what is merely human into the divine.” The motif also occurs in a passage
from the Gospel of Matthew in which Jesus explains that reaching the
kingdom of Heaven will be like a maiden going to meet “the Bridegroom.”
In The Gospel of
Thomas Jesus teaches that to experience this final level of initiation
into mystical union, each initiate must enter the bridal chamber alone:
Many are
standing at the door, but it is the solitary who will enter the bridal
chamber.
from
Freke & Gandy The
Jesus Mysteries
chapter: JESUS THE DAIMON
click
to enlarge picture: DGRossetti, Mary Magdalene at the Door of Simon the
Pharisee
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Sonnets on Pictures. II. Mary Magdalene |
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| Dante Gabriel
Rossetti (1828–82) |
| |
| |
| At the Door of Simon the Pharisee.
For a Drawing by D. G. R.) |
| |
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| “WHY wilt thou cast the
roses from thine hair? |
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| Nay, be thou all a rose,—wreath, lips, and
cheek. |
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| Nay, not this house,—that banquet-house we seek; |
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| See how they kiss and enter; come thou there. |
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| This delicate day of love we two will share |
5 |
| Till at our ear love’s whispering night shall
speak. |
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| What, sweet one,—hold’st thou still the foolish
freak? |
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| Nay, when I kiss thy feet they ’ll leave the
stair.” |
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| “Oh loose me! Seest thou not my Bridegroom’s
face |
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| That draws me to Him? For His feet my kiss, |
10 |
| My hair, my tears He craves to-day:—and oh! |
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| What words can tell what other day and place |
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| Shall see me clasp those blood-stain’d feet of
His? |
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| He needs me, calls me, loves me: let me go!” |
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The God Who Wasn't
There
"Separating coinunctios." (Coinunctio: union/conjunction)
Dividing into opposite pairs -- conjugates. This is the condition of being in the field of time space : the field of
opposites.
Consciousness as the problem of (mythologically,
psychologically speaking) breaking off from that Eden, from sense of being
"One" with the Creator. Life is about moving, and that means a necessary
*action potential.* "All things flow." ~Heracltus We also have
ambiguity. Ambi-valence.
But this process of individuation is to
re-collect that One, the source, aligned at your perfect center. And the
task of the age to see it in others.
deborah
|
from
XIX, Answer to Job, CGJUNG, in
Psychology and Religion: West and East, CW Vol. II
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...The metaphysical process is known
to the psychology of the unconscious as the individuation process. In
so far as this process, as a rule, runs its course unconsciously as it
has from time immemorial, it means no more than that the acorn becomes
an oak, the calf a cow, and the child an adult. But if the
individuation process is made conscious, consciousness must confront
the unconscious and a balance between the opposites must be found. As
this is not possible through logic, one is dependent on symbols which
make the irrational union of opposites possible. They are produced
spontaneously by the unconscious and are amplified by the conscious
mind. The central symbols of this process describe the self, which is
man’s totality, consisting on the one hand of that which is conscious
to him, and on the other hand of the contents of the unconscious. The
self is the teleioV anqrwpoV ,* "the whole man", whose symbols are the
divine child and its synonyms. This is only a very summary sketch of
the process, but it can be observed at any time in modern man, or one
can read about it in the documents of Hermetic philosophy from the
Middle Ages. The parallelism between the symbols is astonishing to
anyone who knows both the psychology of the unconscious and alchemy.
The difference between the “natural”
individuation process, which runs its course unconsciously, and the
one which is consciously realized, is tremendous. In the first case
consciousness nowhere intervenes; the end remains as dark as the
beginning. In the second case so much darkness comes to light that the
personality is permeated with light, and consciousness necessarily
gains in scope and insight. The encounter between conscious and
unconscious has to ensure that the light which shines in the darkness
is not only comprehended by the darkness, but comprehends it. The
filius solis et lunae is the symbol of the union of opposites as well
as the catalyst of their union. It is the alpha and omega of the
process, the mediator and intermedius. “It has a thousand names,” say
the alchemists, meaning that the source from which the individuation
process rises and the goal towards which it aims is nameless,
ineffable.
It is only through the psyche that we
can establish that God acts upon us, but we are unable to distinguish
whether these actions emanate from God or from the unconscious. We
cannot tell whether God and the unconscious are two different
entities. Both are borderline concepts for transcendental contents.
But empirically it can be established, with a sufficient degree of
probability, that there is in the unconscious an archetype of
wholeness which manifests itself spontaneously in dreams, etc., and a
tendency, independent of the conscious will, to relate other
archetypes to this center. Consequently, it does not seem improbable
that the archetype of wholeness occupies as such a central position
which approximates it to the God-image. The similarity is further
borne out by the peculiar fact that the archetype symbolism which has
always characterized and expressed the Deity. These facts make
possible a certain qualification of our above thesis concerning the
indistinguishableness of God and the unconscious. Strictly speaking,
the God-image does not coincide with the unconscious as such, but with
a special content of it, namely the archetype of the self. It is this
archetype from which we can no longer distinguish the God-image
empirically. We can arbitrarily postulate a difference between these
two entities, but that does not help us at all. On the contrary, it
only helps us to separate man from God, and prevents God from becoming
man. Faith is certainly right when it impresses on man’s mind and
heart how infinitely far away and inaccessible God is; but it also
teaches his nearness, his immediate presence, and it is just this
nearness which has to be empirically real if it is not to lose all
significance. Only that which acts upon me do I recognize as real and
actual. But that which has no effect upon me might as well not exist.
The religious need longs for wholeness, and therefore lays hold of the
images of wholeness offered by the unconscious, which, independently
of the conscious mind, rise up from the depths of our psychic nature. |
*****
JUNG on
the SHADOW
The Meaning of Psychology for Modern Man
In: CGJUNG,
CW v. 10: Civilization in Transition (p. 134-156).
abstract: Popular misconceptions about psychology are discussed as a prelude to
an exposition of the basic tenets of psychology. The common assumption
that everyone's psychology is the same, contradicted by clinical
experience, led to an investigation of the basis for this belief. It
was discovered that primitive man is characterized by a group
psychology. Though modern man has learned to differentiate himself
from this group mentality, individual consciousness still must develop
out of the collective unconscious. With individual consciousness,
however, came discontent. This discontent is seen as an unconscious
reaction to the stress produced by differentiation. It is an axiom of
psychology that every psychic phenomenon is compensated for by
another. Thus the discontent of the present age can be seen as the
tension produced by evolution through the synthesis of opposites. The
problem modern man has with psychology is that he refuses to admit its
basic tenet: that the psyche transcends man and is, ultimately,
unknowable. Instead of demanding from psychology a cure for his
discontent , modem man is better advised to look within himself for
the germ of unity. Dreams, the spontaneous products of the psyche that
compensate for the onesidedness of the conscious mind, are guides to
the workings of the unconscious. Their correct interpretation is an
invaluable aid in the assimilation of unconscious contents by the
conscious mind. The art of dream interpretation is discussed. It is
concluded that no one method for interpretation is applicable to all
dreams.
[Aside.] This has
been quite a portkey... Reflecting on it I see I am only reflecting,
floating on a pond very deep, a pond with a surface tension that
creates a blinding light. I am aware only of the daimons speaking,
and only at the stage -- Western culture only at the stage -- of
becoming aware that the relationship and perspective of a
being's interpretation and awareness of this very daimon is
what determines
experience itself. Typology comes to play, giving some needed
suspicions that may cumulate in humility, if Fortune be with me.
Compensation is a useful model, giving you four mirrors to see
into... like trying on a clothes at a department store. ("Does my hair
really look like that from the back?" Hermione asks.) Studying myth
-- Medea and her thumos, Achilles and his rage, Psyche and her
puzzling, paradoxical relationship with Eros, Christ as archetype,
archetype itself: more mirrors.
___________________________________________________________
What is the use
of a religion without a mythos, since religion means, if
anything, precisely that function which links us back to
eternal myth? ~CGJung
"I have no
judgment about myself and my life. There is nothing I am
quite sure about. I have no definite convictions - not
about anything, really. I know only that I was born and
exist, and it seems that I have been carried along. I
exist on the foundation of something I do not know. In
spite of all uncertainties, I feel a solidity underlying
all existence and a continuity in my mode of being."
- C. G. Jung
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